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Borderline Personality Disorder
Symptoms
National Institute of Mental Health
While a person with depression or bipolar disorder typically endures the same
mood for weeks, a person with BPD may experience intense bouts of anger,
depression, and anxiety that may last only hours, or at most a day.5 These may
be associated with episodes of impulsive aggression, self-injury, and drug or
alcohol abuse. Distortions in cognition and sense of self can lead to frequent
changes in long-term goals, career plans, jobs, friendships, gender identity,
and values. Sometimes people with BPD view themselves as fundamentally bad, or
unworthy. They may feel unfairly misunderstood or mistreated, bored, empty, and
have little idea who they are. Such symptoms are most acute when people with BPD
feel isolated and lacking in social support, and may result in frantic efforts
to avoid being alone.
People with BPD often have highly unstable patterns of social relationships.
While they can develop intense but stormy attachments, their attitudes towards
family, friends, and loved ones may suddenly shift from idealization (great
admiration and love) to devaluation (intense anger and dislike). Thus, they may
form an immediate attachment and idealize the other person, but when a slight
separation or conflict occurs, they switch unexpectedly to the other extreme and
angrily accuse the other person of not caring for them at all. Even with family
members, individuals with BPD are highly sensitive to rejection, reacting with
anger and distress to such mild separations as a vacation, a business trip, or a
sudden change in plans. These fears of abandonment seem to be related to
difficulties feeling emotionally connected to important persons when they are
physically absent, leaving the individual with BPD feeling lost and perhaps
worthless. Suicide threats and attempts may occur along with anger at perceived
abandonment and disappointments.
People with BPD exhibit other impulsive behaviors, such as excessive
spending, binge eating and risky sex. BPD often occurs together with other
psychiatric problems, particularly bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety
disorders, substance abuse, and other personality disorders.
References
5Zanarini MC, Frankenburg FR, DeLuca CJ, Hennen J, Khera GS,
Gunderson JG. The pain of being borderline: dysphoric states specific to
borderline personality disorder. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 1998; 6(4):
201-7.
NIH - 2001
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